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- 美与特征之辩：论由希尔特“特征论”引发的美学思考
- 作者： 王静 张典 来源： 北京社会科学 年份： 2013 文献类型 ： 期刊 关键词： 歌德 拉奥孔 黑格尔 温克尔曼 特征论 希尔特
- 描述： 温克尔曼通过对拉奥孔雕塑的分析,提出了希腊的美在于"高贵的单纯和静穆的伟大",这一观点奠定了德国新古典主义的美学基础.希尔特则认为拉奥孔雕塑不是为了表达"美",而是为了表现人物濒临死亡时所感受到的剧烈痛苦这样一种"特征".希尔特的"特征论"由此引发魏玛古典主义与德国其他文化流派之间一系列的美学论争.歌德认为,希尔特的特征论有一定的合理性,但他只注重现实的真实性,而忽视从艺术真实的角度去理解人物所遭遇的痛苦可以被崇高和优美所软化这一艺术规律;拉奥孔是一曲悲剧的田园诗.歌德关于艺术真实与现实真实的辩证分析,不仅解决了希尔特的疑难,并且为德国新古典主义打下更坚实的理论基础.By the explanation about the ancient sculpture of Laokoon, Winckelmann presented his standpoint of " noble simplicity and quiet grandeur", which laid the aesthetic foundation for the German neoclassicism. But Aloys Hirt did not agree with Winckelmann. He thought that the aim of the sculpture was not to express the beauty but to show such a feature of severe pain as a human being on the verge of death. His Characteristic caused the aesthetic controversy between the school of Weimar classicism and the others in German. Although Hirt's view was reasonable to some extent, he focused on the authenticity of the reality and paid no attention to the laws of art that the pains could be softened by the nobleness and the beauty. Goethe thought that Laokoon was a tragedy idyll. Through the dialectic analysis of the authenticity of the arts, Goethe did not only solve the problem that Hirt came up with, but also stuck up for the German neoclassicism.